Epigeal germination in some dicots

Cotyledons turn green & photosynthesize

Shown are stages of epigeal (above ground) seed germination and seedling structure that occurs in some dicotyledons. In epigeal germination, the elongating hypocotyl raises cotyledons and the shoot apex above ground. The cotyledons turn green and photosynthesize. The lengthening of the epicotyl (the first internode above the cotyledonary node) pulls the shoot apex away from the cotyledons.

1 = cotyledon; 2 = hypocotyl (shown in black); 3 = seed coat; 4 = primary root; 5 = lateral roots; 6 = adventitious roots (arising in the hypocotyl); 7 = epicotyl